Evidence-Based Bone Health

REMS vs. DEXA at a Glance

How do these two bone density technologies compare — and what does new research reveal about what's really driving your REMS results?

Two Technologies, Different Approaches
FeatureDEXA Gold StandardREMS (Echolight)
TechnologyLow-dose X-ray directly measures bone mineral contentUltrasound signals analyzed by proprietary algorithm against a demographic reference database
RadiationVery low ~1 day of backgroundNone Radiation-free
ReportsBMD, T-score, Z-score; optional TBS & VFABMD, T-score, Z-score, plus proprietary Fragility Score
Spinal ImagingYes VFA detects compression fracturesNo No visual of the spine
Guideline StatusWHO standard for osteoporosis diagnosisNot yet integrated into major guidelines
Physician AdoptionUniversally accepted for treatment decisionsMost physicians will not prescribe based on REMS
PortabilityFixed installation; requires dedicated spacePortable Offices, clinics, mobile settings
Typical CostOften covered by Medicare / insurance$300–$400+ out of pocket; limited coverage
Key LimitationAffected by degenerative changes, scoliosis, aortic calcificationOutput heavily driven by age & weight inputs (see below)
What's Actually Driving Your REMS Score?

A 2026 study in Osteoporosis International (Chan et al.) found that age and weight alone explain the vast majority of REMS output variance. The coloured bars show how much of each result is predicted by demographics alone.

REMS BMDFemoral Neck, Female
R² = 0.947
REMS BMDLumbar Spine, Female
R² = 0.918
REMS Fragility ScoreFemoral Neck, Female
R² = 0.958
REMS Fragility ScoreLumbar Spine, Female
R² = 0.807
DEXA BMDTypical (literature)
20–50%
50–80% = actual skeletal differences
Demographics → REMS BMD
Demographics → REMS Fragility Score
Demographics → DEXA BMD
What Happens When You Change the Inputs?

Researchers scanned the same person's same hip multiple times, changing only the demographic data entered into the machine. The person's actual bone did not change.

📅
−6.3%
REMS-BMD per +10 years of input age
Artificially increasing the entered age by one decade caused a 6.3% drop in reported bone density — with no change to the actual bone.
p < 0.0001 for 4 of 5 subjects
⚖️
+4.3%
REMS-BMD per +5 kg of input weight
Artificially increasing the entered weight by 5 kg caused a 4.3% rise in reported bone density — with no change to the actual bone.
p < 0.0033 for all subjects
When REMS May Still Be the Right Choice
Limited MobilityBedridden or immobilized patients where transport to a fixed DEXA unit is impractical.
Compromised DEXA InterpretationOsteoarthritis, spinal fusion hardware, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, or cannulated screws.
Pregnancy & LactationWhen even minimal radiation exposure should be avoided.
Younger PatientsEating disorders, adolescent scoliosis, or other conditions requiring frequent monitoring.
Oncology PatientsNeed for frequent or annual monitoring during treatment.
CKD / Dialysis / TransplantHigher artefact risk with standard DEXA assessment.
Spine–Hip DiscordanceWhen DEXA shows conflicting T-scores, REMS may add diagnostic context.
Peri-operative AssessmentPortable, radiation-free bone evaluation before or after joint/spine surgery.
Important: REMS cannot assess a replaced hip (THA/hemiarthroplasty) but can assess the contralateral hip and lumbar spine. Use cases adapted from Zambito et al., Bone Jt Open 2025.
What This Means for You
Don't compare REMS to DEXAThey use different technologies. Discordant results are expected, not a sign that one is "wrong."
Treatment decisions need DEXAMost physicians require DEXA results before prescribing osteoporosis medication.
Weight changes can shift REMSA 5 kg change may move your score ~4.3%, masking or mimicking real bone changes.
Ask about TBS & VFAThese evidence-based add-ons to DEXA provide bone quality and fracture detection that REMS cannot.